The Ultimate Egypt Travel Guide

Egypt is a destination that needs no introduction. Home to the Pyramids of Giza, the Nile River, and ancient temples, it’s a place that’s been on travelers’ bucket lists for centuries. But there’s a lot more to Egypt than just its famous landmarks. You’ll find chaotic cities, sprawling deserts, colorful markets, and some of the best scuba diving in the world along the Red Sea.

This guide breaks down everything you need to know before you go, from the best places to visit and how to get around to cultural tips and itinerary ideas. Whether you’re planning a short trip or a deep dive into Egypt’s history, you’ll find all the details here to make your visit smooth and stress-free.

Best Time to Visit Egypt

Egypt is a year-round destination, but the best time to visit depends on what you want to do.

• October to April: The most popular time to visit, with cooler temperatures and comfortable sightseeing conditions. Expect crowds at major attractions like the Pyramids of Giza and Luxor.
• May to September: The hottest months, with temperatures exceeding 100°F (38°C) in southern Egypt. This is the best time for Red Sea destinations like Sharm El Sheikh and Hurghada, where you can escape the heat by the water.
• Ramadan (varies by year): A major religious month in Egypt. While tourist sites remain open, many restaurants and businesses adjust their hours, and the country has a slower pace during the day.

For the best combination of good weather, fewer crowds, and reasonable prices, visit between October and early December or March to April.

Egypt’s Weather and What to Pack

Egypt has a desert climate, meaning hot summers, mild winters, and very little rainfall. What you pack depends on when and where you’re going.

Typical Weather by Season

• Winter (December to February): Cooler temperatures, averaging 50–70°F (10–21°C). Mornings and nights can be chilly, especially in the desert.
• Spring (March to May): Warm but comfortable, with temperatures ranging from 65–85°F (18–29°C). Occasional sandstorms, known as the Khamsin winds, can occur.
• Summer (June to September): Intense heat, especially in southern Egypt, where temperatures often exceed 100°F (38°C). Coastal areas along the Red Sea stay more moderate.
• Fall (October to November): Similar to spring, with pleasant temperatures ranging from 70–85°F (21–29°C).

What to Pack for Egypt

• Light, breathable clothing: Loose-fitting, lightweight fabrics like cotton or linen are best for the heat.
• Comfortable walking shoes: Essential for exploring sites like the Pyramids, Karnak Temple, and Valley of the Kings.
• Scarf or shawl: Useful for sun protection and covering up when visiting religious sites.
• Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat: The sun is intense year-round.
• A light jacket or sweater: Needed for cooler evenings in winter and desert excursions.
• Modest clothing: While Egypt is used to tourists, it’s still a conservative country. Women may feel more comfortable wearing long skirts, pants, or loose-fitting tops. Men should avoid tank tops in non-coastal areas.

Dressing appropriately will keep you comfortable and help you blend in better with the local culture.

Visa and Entry Requirements

Most travelers need a visa to enter Egypt, but the process is straightforward. Depending on your nationality, you can either get a visa on arrival or apply for an e-Visa in advance.

Who Needs a Visa?

• Visa-free entry: Citizens of some Middle Eastern and African countries do not need a visa. Always check the latest requirements before traveling.
• Visa on arrival: Travelers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Australia can get a 30-day visa on arrival for $25 USD, payable in cash at the airport.
• e-Visa: Available online for over 70 nationalities. Apply at least a week before travel on Egypt’s official e-Visa website. The cost is the same as a visa on arrival, but it saves time at the airport.

Entry Requirements

• A passport valid for at least six months beyond your arrival date
• Proof of onward travel (not always checked but recommended)
• Enough cash for your stay (credit cards are accepted, but cash is preferred in many places)

Additional Travel Considerations

• Multiple entries: If you plan to leave Egypt and return during your trip, apply for a multiple-entry visa instead of a single-entry one.
• Sinai-only visa: Travelers arriving in Sharm El Sheikh for beach resorts can get a 15-day free visa but cannot leave the Sinai Peninsula.

Egypt’s visa process is simple, but getting an e-Visa in advance can make your arrival smoother.

Currency, Budgeting, and Costs

Egypt uses the Egyptian pound (EGP), and while credit cards are accepted in hotels and major restaurants, cash is still widely used, especially in markets and smaller shops.

Average Daily Costs

Egypt is one of the most affordable travel destinations, with options for every budget.

• Budget travelers: $30 to $50 per day (hostels, public transport, street food)
• Mid-range travelers: $50 to $150 per day (boutique hotels, guided tours, restaurants)
• Luxury travelers: $150+ per day (five-star hotels, Nile cruises, private tours)

Credit Cards and ATMs

• Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted, but carrying cash is important for taxis, local restaurants, and small businesses.
• ATMs are available in major cities, but some charge high withdrawal fees, so withdrawing larger amounts at once is more cost-effective.
• US dollars and euros are sometimes accepted, especially in tourist areas, but always have Egyptian pounds for daily expenses.

Tips for Saving Money

• Use local taxis or ride-hailing apps like Uber or Careem instead of hotel-arranged transport.
• Negotiate prices in markets, as bargaining is expected.
• Avoid dining at restaurants near major tourist attractions, where prices are higher.
• Take overnight trains between Cairo and Luxor instead of domestic flights to save money on transport and accommodation.

Egypt offers great value for travelers, whether you’re exploring on a budget or looking for a more luxurious experience.

Getting to Egypt: Flights and Transportation

Egypt is well-connected to international destinations, with frequent flights from major cities around the world.

Major International Airports:

• Cairo International Airport (CAI): The busiest airport in Egypt and the main entry point for most travelers.
• Hurghada International Airport (HRG): Best for those heading to the Red Sea resorts.
• Sharm El Sheikh International Airport (SSH): Serves beach destinations in Sinai and offers visa-free entry for certain travelers.
• Luxor International Airport (LXR): A convenient option for travelers starting their trip in Upper Egypt.
• Alexandria Borg El Arab Airport (HBE): A secondary airport that serves northern Egypt and the Mediterranean coast.

Finding the Best Flights:

• Book flights two to three months in advance for the best fares, especially for peak season travel.
• EgyptAir is the national carrier and offers direct routes from major cities.
• Budget airlines like Air Arabia, FlyDubai, and Pegasus Airlines offer affordable flights from nearby countries.
• Travelers from North America typically have a layover in Europe or the Middle East before reaching Egypt.

Overland Travel to Egypt:

• From Israel: The most common route is crossing at the Taba border, which leads to Sinai.
• From Sudan: The Wadi Halfa border crossing leads to Aswan, though travel restrictions may apply.
• From Libya: Overland travel is not recommended due to security concerns.

Ferries to Egypt:

Ferries operate between Egypt and neighboring countries, but schedules can be unreliable.

• Routes are available between Aqaba (Jordan) and Nuweiba (Egypt) across the Red Sea.
• Limited ferry services run from Saudi Arabia to Egyptian Red Sea ports.

Most travelers arrive by air, but overland and sea options are available for those coming from nearby countries.

Getting Around Egypt

Egypt is a large country, but getting between cities and regions is relatively easy with a mix of domestic flights, trains, buses, and Nile cruises.

Domestic Flights vs Public Transport:

• Domestic flights: The fastest way to travel long distances. Popular routes include Cairo to Luxor, Aswan, and Hurghada. Flights are affordable if booked in advance.
• Trains: The best overland option for travel between Cairo and Luxor/Aswan. The overnight sleeper train is a popular choice for comfort and safety.
• Buses: Cheaper than flights and trains but slower. Companies like Go Bus and Blue Bus offer modern, air-conditioned services between major cities.

Renting a Car: What to Know

• Not recommended for most travelers due to traffic congestion, aggressive driving, and road conditions.
• If you do rent a car, stick to the Red Sea resorts or desert highways where roads are in better condition.
• An international driving permit is required.

Trains, Buses, and Nile Cruises:

• Egyptian National Railways: Operates daily train services between major cities. The sleeper train from Cairo to Luxor/Aswan includes meals and private cabins.
• Nile cruises: A scenic way to travel between Luxor and Aswan, stopping at temples along the way. Cruises range from budget-friendly to luxury options.
• Feluccas: Traditional wooden sailboats available for short trips along the Nile, best for a relaxing experience in Aswan.

Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps:

• Uber and Careem are widely available in Cairo and major cities, offering safer and more reliable pricing than street taxis.
• White taxis in Cairo use meters, but many drivers prefer to negotiate a fixed price.
• Tuk-tuks are common in smaller towns but should be used with caution.

Most travelers rely on a combination of domestic flights, trains, and guided tours to get around Egypt efficiently.

Where to Go in Egypt

Egypt is packed with historic cities, ancient temples, and stunning landscapes. Whether you’re exploring Cairo’s markets, cruising the Nile, or relaxing by the Red Sea, there’s no shortage of places to visit.

Cairo: The Gateway to Ancient Egypt

Egypt’s capital is chaotic but full of history, culture, and incredible food.

Cairo highlights:

• Egyptian Museum: Home to the treasures of King Tutankhamun and countless ancient artifacts
• Khan el-Khalili: A lively bazaar with traditional crafts, spices, and street food
• Al-Azhar Mosque: One of the oldest Islamic universities in the world
• The Citadel and Mosque of Muhammad Ali: Offers panoramic views of Cairo
• Nile dinner cruises: A great way to experience the city skyline at night

Giza: Home of the Pyramids and Sphinx

One of the world’s most famous archaeological sites, just outside of Cairo.

Giza highlights:

• Pyramids of Giza: The last remaining Wonder of the Ancient World
• Great Sphinx: A massive limestone statue guarding the pyramids
• Camel rides: A classic way to experience the desert scenery
• Saqqara: The Step Pyramid of Djoser, Egypt’s oldest pyramid
• Dahshur: Less-visited pyramids, including the Bent and Red Pyramids

Luxor: The World’s Greatest Open-Air Museum

Luxor is home to some of Egypt’s most impressive temples and tombs.

Luxor highlights:

• Karnak Temple: A massive temple complex dedicated to the god Amun
• Valley of the Kings: Burial site of famous pharaohs, including Tutankhamun
• Hatshepsut’s Temple: An impressive mortuary temple built into a cliffside
• Luxor Temple: Best visited at night when it’s beautifully illuminated
• Hot air balloon rides: A breathtaking way to see the temples and desert at sunrise

Aswan: Temples, Islands, and Nubian Culture

A laid-back city on the Nile, known for its colorful Nubian villages and island temples.

Aswan highlights:

• Philae Temple: A stunning temple dedicated to the goddess Isis, located on an island
• Nubian Village: A great place to experience local culture and traditional homes
• Abu Simbel day trip: A must-visit site with massive rock-cut temples
• Elephantine Island: Home to archaeological ruins and traditional Nubian settlements
• Felucca sailing: Relaxing boat trips along the Nile at sunset

Abu Simbel: The Temples of Ramses II

One of Egypt’s most incredible ancient sites, known for its colossal statues and intricate carvings.

Abu Simbel highlights:

• Great Temple of Ramses II: Features massive statues carved into the rock
• Temple of Nefertari: A rare temple dedicated to a queen rather than a pharaoh
• Sun Festival (February and October): A unique event when the sun aligns with the temple’s inner sanctuary

Alexandria: Egypt’s Mediterranean Gem

A historic coastal city with a mix of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian influences.

Alexandria highlights:

• Bibliotheca Alexandrina: A modern library built to honor the ancient Library of Alexandria
• Citadel of Qaitbay: A medieval fortress built on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria
• Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa: A mix of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman burial traditions
• Montaza Palace: A royal palace with stunning gardens and sea views
• Corniche waterfront: A scenic seaside promenade lined with cafes and restaurants

The Red Sea: Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, and Dahab

Egypt’s top beach and diving destinations, perfect for relaxation and adventure.

Red Sea highlights:

• Sharm El Sheikh: Known for luxury resorts, nightlife, and incredible diving spots
• Hurghada: A popular resort town with beaches, snorkeling, and water sports
• Dahab: A laid-back backpacker-friendly town, famous for diving at the Blue Hole
• Ras Mohammed National Park: One of the best diving spots in the world
• Desert safaris: Camel rides, quad biking, and Bedouin experiences in the Sinai Desert

Siwa and the Western Desert: Oases and Adventure

For travelers looking for an off-the-beaten-path experience, Egypt’s deserts and oases offer breathtaking landscapes.

Siwa and Western Desert highlights:

• Siwa Oasis: A remote oasis with salt lakes, palm groves, and ancient ruins
• The Oracle Temple: Said to have been visited by Alexander the Great
• Great Sand Sea: A vast desert perfect for sandboarding and jeep safaris
• Bahariya Oasis: Home to the White Desert, known for its surreal rock formations
• Crystal Mountain: A natural wonder filled with quartz crystals

Each of these destinations offers something unique, making Egypt a country worth exploring beyond just the pyramids.

Top Things to Do in Egypt

Egypt is packed with historical sites, outdoor adventures, and cultural experiences. Whether you’re exploring ancient temples, sailing down the Nile, or diving in the Red Sea, there’s no shortage of things to do.

Must-See Landmarks and Attractions

Egypt’s landmarks span thousands of years, from pharaonic tombs to medieval fortresses.

• Pyramids of Giza: The last remaining Wonder of the Ancient World, a must-visit for any traveler
• Great Sphinx of Giza: A massive limestone statue guarding the pyramids
• Karnak Temple: One of the largest religious complexes ever built, featuring towering columns and statues
• Valley of the Kings: The burial site of famous pharaohs, including King Tutankhamun
• Abu Simbel: A masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture, carved directly into a mountain
• Philae Temple: A stunning riverside temple dedicated to the goddess Isis

Best Outdoor Adventures and Desert Experiences

Egypt’s landscapes are diverse, from rolling sand dunes to coral-filled waters.

• Hot air balloon ride in Luxor: One of the best ways to see Egypt’s temples and Nile Valley at sunrise
• Diving in the Red Sea: Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, and Dahab are world-class diving destinations
• Felucca sailing on the Nile: A peaceful way to experience Egypt’s famous river
• Desert safaris in the White Desert: Explore surreal rock formations and camp under the stars
• Siwa Oasis jeep tours: Ride across vast dunes and swim in natural hot springs

Historical Sites and UNESCO World Heritage Locations

Egypt is home to some of the most well-preserved ancient sites in the world.

• Saqqara and Dahshur: Home to the Step Pyramid and lesser-visited ancient tombs
• Temple of Hatshepsut: A stunning cliffside temple dedicated to Egypt’s first female pharaoh
• Temple of Kom Ombo: Unique for being dedicated to two gods—Sobek and Horus
• Ramesseum: The mortuary temple of Ramses II, featuring massive statues and hieroglyphs
• Abydos and Dendera: Two of Egypt’s most beautifully decorated temples, often missed by tourists

Markets, Bazaars, and Egyptian Handicrafts

Egypt’s markets are the best places to experience local culture and pick up unique souvenirs.

• Khan el-Khalili (Cairo): The most famous bazaar in Egypt, filled with spices, textiles, and jewelry
• Luxor Souq: A more relaxed alternative to Khan el-Khalili, great for scarves, perfumes, and handicrafts
• Aswan Market: A vibrant market known for Nubian crafts, baskets, and local spices
• Siwa Oasis Market: The best place to buy handmade Siwan silver jewelry and embroidered textiles
• Al-Fishawi Café: A historic teahouse in the heart of Cairo’s old market, great for people-watching

Egypt offers an incredible mix of history, nature, and local culture, making it one of the most exciting destinations to explore.

Egypt Itineraries

Planning the right itinerary depends on how much time you have and what you want to see. Egypt’s highlights are spread across the country, so a mix of flights, trains, and guided tours can help maximize your time.

Three Days in Egypt: A Quick Getaway

A short trip should focus on Cairo and the pyramids, with a possible day trip to Alexandria.

• Day 1: Explore Cairo’s highlights, including the Egyptian Museum, Khan el-Khalili market, and Al-Azhar Mosque. Take a Nile dinner cruise in the evening.
• Day 2: Visit the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and Saqqara. End the day with a view from the Cairo Tower.
• Day 3: Take a day trip to Alexandria to see the Citadel of Qaitbay, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, and the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa.

Seven-Day Egypt Itinerary: A Classic Route

A week allows you to visit Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan, covering both ancient and modern Egypt.

• Day 1-2: Explore Cairo’s historic sites and the pyramids. Fly to Luxor in the evening of Day 2.
• Day 3: Visit Karnak Temple, Luxor Temple, and take a felucca ride along the Nile at sunset.
• Day 4: Explore the Valley of the Kings, Hatshepsut’s Temple, and Medinet Habu.
• Day 5: Travel to Aswan, stopping at Edfu and Kom Ombo temples along the way.
• Day 6: Visit Philae Temple, the Nubian Village, and relax by the Nile.
• Day 7: Take a day trip to Abu Simbel before flying back to Cairo.

Ten or More Days in Egypt: The Ultimate Experience

A longer trip allows you to explore Egypt at a slower pace and visit lesser-known places.

• Days 1-3: Cairo, Giza, and a day trip to Alexandria.
• Days 4-5: Fly to Luxor and explore the temples and tombs at a relaxed pace.
• Days 6-7: Travel to Aswan and visit Philae, Abu Simbel, and the Nubian Village.
• Days 8-9: Fly to Sharm El Sheikh or Dahab for snorkeling, diving, and Red Sea relaxation.
• Days 10-12: Visit Siwa Oasis or explore the White Desert for an off-the-beaten-path experience.
• Day 13-14: Return to Cairo for last-minute sightseeing and shopping.

With its mix of history, culture, and natural beauty, Egypt offers something for every type of traveler, whether you’re here for a quick visit or a deep dive into its ancient past.

If you have even more time, check out my comprehensive two week Egypt itinerary! This is also an excellent starting point if you are staying longer than two weeks. I share the most popular cities, what to do in each, how to get around, and more!

Food and Drink in Egypt

Egyptian cuisine is full of rich flavors, hearty dishes, and street food favorites. Meals are often built around fresh vegetables, legumes, and slow-cooked meats, with plenty of bread on the side.

Traditional Egyptian Dishes to Try

• Koshari: A mix of rice, pasta, lentils, and chickpeas topped with tomato sauce and crispy onions. Egypt’s ultimate street food.
• Ful medames: Mashed fava beans served with olive oil, garlic, and lemon, typically eaten for breakfast.
• Ta’meya (Egyptian falafel): Deep-fried fava bean patties, crispier than chickpea falafel.
• Hawawshi: Egyptian-style stuffed pita bread filled with minced meat and spices.
• Fiteer (Egyptian pizza): A flaky, layered pastry that can be served sweet or savory.
• Mahshi: Vegetables like zucchini and bell peppers stuffed with rice, herbs, and spices.
• Molokhia: A green leafy soup made with jute leaves, often served with rice and chicken or rabbit.
• Sayadeya: A fish and rice dish with onions and tomato sauce, common in coastal cities.

Best Places to Eat and Drink

• Abou Tarek (Cairo): The most famous place for koshari.
• El Prince (Cairo): Known for Egyptian grilled meats and molokhia.
• Sobhy Kaber (Cairo): A must-visit for kofta, kebabs, and liver sandwiches.
• Felfela (Cairo): A classic restaurant for ta’meya, ful, and other vegetarian dishes.
• Kebdet El Brince (Cairo): Famous for its liver sandwiches, a local favorite.
• El Fishawy (Khan el-Khalili): A historic café serving traditional tea and shisha.

Egyptian Tea, Coffee, and Local Beverages

• Shai (Egyptian tea): Usually black tea, served with sugar or mint. A staple in every Egyptian home and café.
• Ahwa (Egyptian coffee): Strong and unfiltered, similar to Turkish coffee.
• Karkadeh: A sweet hibiscus tea, served hot or cold.
• Sobia: A coconut and milk-based drink, popular during Ramadan.
• Sugarcane juice: A refreshing and cheap street drink found across Egypt.
• Beer and wine: Alcohol is available in tourist areas, with local brands like Stella and Sakara beer.

Food is a huge part of Egyptian culture, and trying local dishes is one of the best ways to experience the country.

Practical Travel Tips for Egypt

Egypt is an exciting destination, but a little preparation can make your trip smoother. Here’s what you need to know before you go.

Safety and Common Scams to Avoid

Egypt is generally safe for tourists, but it’s important to stay aware of common scams and tourist traps.

• Overpriced taxis: Always negotiate the fare before getting in, or use Uber and Careem for fair pricing.
• “Free” gifts: Vendors may offer a “gift” and then demand payment. Politely decline if you’re not interested.
• Papyrus and perfume shops: Some shops near tourist sites sell fake papyrus scrolls and diluted perfumes at high prices. Buy from reputable stores.
• Pyramid scams: Some locals at Giza will claim to be “official guides” and insist you need them to enter certain areas. Entry tickets cover everything, so don’t fall for it.
• Fake tour agents: Book tours through reputable agencies, not random sellers outside attractions.

Essential Apps and Resources

• Google Maps: Good for navigation, though some areas aren’t well-marked.
• Uber and Careem: The safest and easiest way to get around Cairo.
• XE Currency: Helps with real-time exchange rate conversions.
• Google Translate: Useful for communicating with locals outside of tourist areas.
• EgyptAir and Go Bus Apps: Handy for booking domestic flights and long-distance bus travel.

Cultural Etiquette and Local Customs

• Dress modestly: While tourist areas are more relaxed, covering shoulders and knees is respectful, especially at religious sites.
• Avoid public displays of affection: Holding hands is fine, but kissing and hugging in public should be avoided.
• Use your right hand: When giving money or shaking hands, the right hand is preferred in Egyptian culture.
• Ask before taking photos of locals: Some people, especially in rural areas, may not appreciate being photographed.
• Bargaining is expected: Prices in markets and bazaars are rarely fixed, so negotiating is part of the experience.

A little local knowledge goes a long way in Egypt. Being prepared helps ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip.

Egypt Travel FAQs

Planning a trip to Egypt comes with plenty of questions. Here are answers to some of the most common ones.

Do I need a visa to visit Egypt?

Most travelers need a visa. Many nationalities can get a visa on arrival for $25 USD or apply for an e-Visa before traveling. Check Egypt’s official visa website for the latest requirements.

What is the best way to get around Egypt?

For long distances, domestic flights or the overnight sleeper train between Cairo and Luxor/Aswan are the best options. Within cities, Uber and Careem are recommended in Cairo, while taxis and buses are available elsewhere.

What side of the road do they drive on in Egypt?

Egypt drives on the right side of the road. Renting a car is not recommended due to chaotic traffic.

What is the best time of year to visit Egypt?

The best time to visit is October to April, when temperatures are cooler. Summers can be extremely hot, especially in southern Egypt.

Is Egypt expensive?

Egypt is affordable compared to Western countries. Budget travelers can get by on $30–$50 per day, while mid-range travelers may spend $50–$150 per day. Luxury travel, including Nile cruises and five-star hotels, costs more.

Can I use my credit card in Egypt?

Yes, but cash is preferred in many places. ATMs are widely available, but some may charge high withdrawal fees.

Do I need travel insurance for Egypt?

It’s not required, but highly recommended for medical coverage, trip cancellations, and lost belongings.

What should I pack for Egypt?

Pack light, breathable clothing, a scarf or shawl for religious sites, sunscreen, comfortable shoes, and a light jacket for winter evenings.

Can I visit Abu Simbel in one day?

Yes, most travelers take a day trip from Aswan by bus or private car, departing early in the morning. Flights from Aswan are also available.

What is the drinking age in Egypt?

The legal drinking age is 21, but alcohol is not as widely available outside of hotels, tourist areas, and select restaurants.

Egypt is a unique destination that’s both exciting and budget-friendly. With a little planning, your trip can be stress-free and unforgettable.